The literacy of Evolution of Sichuan Opera: Musical, Theatrical, and Media Transformations

Abstract

This study examines the historical evolution and contemporary transformation of Sichuan opera, focusing on how mass communication media—including radio, television, and digital platforms—have influenced its musical, theatrical, and cultural development. As one of China’s most dynamic regional opera traditions, Sichuan opera has experienced substantial changes across five distinct periods shaped by socio-political and technological shifts. The qualitative research design combines document analysis with fieldwork, incorporating interviews with performers, lyricists, and media professionals. Data were collected through structured observations and interviews, followed by descriptive analysis to trace the opera’s transformation from its 17th-century origins to its current digital presence. The findings illustrate a nuanced interaction between media innovation and traditional performance practices. For instance, while radio broadcasts in the 20th century helped broaden Sichuan opera’s audience reach, they also reduced the visual and spatial dimensions of performances, impacting audience perception of costume and gesture. Similarly, the emergence of television introduced new visual storytelling techniques but also prompted concerns about dialectal consistency as performances were tailored for broader audiences. In the 21st century, digital technologies such as high-definition recording and social media platforms have reinvigorated audience engagement, exemplified by the popularity of livestreamed Sichuan opera performances that integrate virtual characters. However, these innovations raise concerns about cultural authenticity and the potential erosion of traditional aesthetic values. The study concludes that the future sustainability of Sichuan opera depends on its ability to strategically integrate new media while preserving core artistic and cultural values. This research contributes to the broader discourse on safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in an increasingly digitized and globalized world.